In addition to being accountable for the parts of the work done, an author should be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific other parts of the work. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.Final approval of the version to be published AND.Drafting the work or reviewing it critically for important intellectual content AND.Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work AND.The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria: The ICMJE has thus developed criteria for authorship that can be used by all journals, including those that distinguish authors from other contributors.

Such policies remove much of the ambiguity surrounding contributions, but leave unresolved the question of the quantity and quality of contribution that qualify an individual for authorship.

Editors are strongly encouraged to develop and implement a contributorship policy. Lack of inclusion of local investigators as authors should prompt questioning and may lead to rejection.īecause authorship does not communicate what contributions qualified an individual to be an author, some journals now request and publish information about the contributions of each person named as having participated in a submitted study, at least for original research. Inclusion of local authors adds to fairness, context, and implications of the research. The following recommendations are intended to ensure that contributors who have made substantive intellectual contributions to a paper are given credit as authors, but also that contributors credited as authors understand their role in taking responsibility and being accountable for what is published.Įditors should be aware of the practice of excluding local researchers from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) from authorship when data are from LMICs. Authorship also implies responsibility and accountability for published work. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Assisted TechnologyĪuthorship confers credit and has important academic, social, and financial implications.

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